Due to the high concentration of organic waste gas contained in the thermal storage combustion method organic waste gas treatment system, there is a risk of flammability and explosion, and safety is a necessary factor to consider in the treatment system.

廢氣收集與輸送管道安全

Waste gas collection and transportation pipeline safety

因有機廢氣的易燃性和存在爆炸的危險性，治理系統的有機廢氣濃度應控制在其爆炸下限的25%以下。當RTO進氣濃度較高時，應采取措施調整廢氣中有機物濃度至其爆炸極限下限25%以下，以確保RTO運行安全。當廢氣濃度波動較大時，應在前端采取稀釋、緩沖等措施，確保進入蓄熱式焚燒裝置的廢氣濃度平穩且低于爆炸下限的25%。

Due to the flammability of organic waste gas and the risk of explosion, the concentration of organic waste gas in the treatment system should be controlled below 25% of its lower explosion limit. When the RTO intake concentration is high, measures should be taken to adjust the organic matter concentration in the exhaust gas to below 25% of its lower explosion limit to ensure the safety of RTO operation. When the concentration of exhaust gas fluctuates significantly, measures such as dilution and buffering should be taken at the front end to ensure that the concentration of exhaust gas entering the regenerative incineration device is stable and below 25% of the lower explosive limit.

當系統風管道采用金屬材質時應采用光滑內壁金屬管、采取法蘭間銅片或銅線跨接、系統管道接地等措施，風管內壁禁止涂刷非導電防腐涂層，防止靜電產生和積聚。當廢氣中含有腐蝕性氣體時，所有集氣罩、管道、閥門和顆粒過濾器均應采用耐腐蝕材料制造或按標準進行防腐處理。除控制處理氣體的濃度、溫度之外，在管道系統適當位置應安裝符合相關規定的阻火裝置。管道系統正壓段應采取措施防止介質泄漏事故發生。當管道內氣體溫度超過60℃時，應做隔熱保護或相關警示標識。

When the system air duct is made of metal material, smooth inner wall metal pipes should be used, copper sheets or wires between flanges should be used for bridging, and system pipeline grounding measures should be taken. Non conductive anti-corrosion coatings should not be applied to the inner wall of the air duct to prevent the generation and accumulation of static electricity. When the exhaust gas contains corrosive gases, all gas collection hoods, pipelines, valves, and particle filters should be made of corrosion-resistant materials or undergo anti-corrosion treatment according to standards. In addition to controlling the concentration and temperature of the processed gas, fire arresters that comply with relevant regulations should be installed at appropriate locations in the pipeline system. Measures should be taken to prevent medium leakage accidents in the positive pressure section of the pipeline system. When the gas temperature inside the pipeline exceeds 60 ℃, insulation protection or relevant warning signs should be installed.

預處理和后處理部分安全

Pre processing and post processing safety

當廢氣中含有易自聚物質或自催化物質時，因其受熱易發生自聚或自反應，導致蓄熱體堵塞、系統壓降上升或自燃事故，故此類廢氣不宜直接利用蓄熱燃燒法進行處理。

When the exhaust gas contains substances that are prone to self aggregation or self catalysis, it is prone to self aggregation or self reaction when heated, leading to blockage of the heat storage body, increase in system pressure drop, or self ignition accidents. Therefore, this type of exhaust gas should not be directly treated using thermal storage combustion method.

廢氣預處理設施通常是對廢氣中的粉塵、酸、堿、易自聚物質、大分子物質廢氣、水分、含氯物質、漆霧等進行預處理。當有機廢氣中含有樹脂、顆粒物、固化劑、高沸點芳烴等容易在管道輸送過程中形成顆粒物時，應按物質的性質選擇合適的吸收、吸附和過濾等預處理措施。后處理部分通常是對高溫燃燒生成的NOx或處理含硫或含鹵素有機物產生的二氧化硫、鹵化氫氣體。除了吸收裝置之外，治理系統與主體生產裝置之間、與儲罐收集系統之間應安裝阻火器（防火閥），阻火器的性能應符合相關標準的規定。

Waste gas pre-treatment facilities usually pre-treat dust, acids, alkalis, easily self aggregating substances, macromolecular substances, waste gas, moisture, chlorine containing substances, paint mist, etc. in the exhaust gas. When organic waste gas contains resins, particulate matter, curing agents, high boiling point aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., which are prone to form particulate matter during pipeline transportation, appropriate pre-treatment measures such as absorption, adsorption, and filtration should be selected based on the properties of the substance. The post-processing section usually deals with NOx generated by high-temperature combustion or sulfur dioxide and hydrogen halide gas generated by treating sulfur-containing or halogen-containing organic compounds. In addition to the absorption device, flame arresters (fire dampers) should be installed between the governance system and the main production device, as well as between the storage tank collection system. The performance of the flame arresters should comply with relevant standards.

袋式除塵器處理高溫熾熱含塵氣體時，在除塵器之前應設有火花捕集器，處理易燃易爆含塵氣體應選用抗靜電濾材并對外殼接地，且應設置防爆泄爆設施。除塵器過濾器應設置壓差計，當壓差超過設定范圍時，應立即清理或更換過濾材料。應做好處理設施防雷防靜電措施，根據不同處理設施分析其存在的安全風險并采取相應防護措施。對于預處理后濕度較大的廢氣應先采取除濕措施后再處理。

When using a bag filter to process high-temperature and hot dusty gases, a spark trap should be installed before the filter. When handling flammable and explosive dusty gases, anti-static filter materials should be selected and the casing should be grounded, and explosion-proof and explosion relief facilities should be installed. The dust collector filter should be equipped with a pressure difference gauge. When the pressure difference exceeds the set range, the filter material should be cleaned or replaced immediately. Measures should be taken to prevent lightning and static electricity in processing facilities, analyze the safety risks existing in different processing facilities, and take corresponding protective measures. For waste gas with high humidity after pre-treatment, dehumidification measures should be taken before treatment.

濃縮部分安全

Concentration section safety

濃縮吸附材質一般選擇活性炭或沸石轉輪，但活性炭本身在高溫下容易自燃不建議選擇。對于沸石轉輪應關注吸附過量有機廢氣后在高溫狀態下低閃點有機廢氣燃燒現象，進入轉輪吸附區的廢氣溫度宜控制在40℃以下，脫附風溫度宜為180~220℃，不應高于300℃。應關注高沸點有機溶劑油霧過多堵塞轉輪的情況，定期檢查及校正轉輪脫附溫度，在進入轉輪氣室時應按照受限空間安全管理要求落實安全管理措施。轉輪氣室應設置溫度監控和自動連鎖控制系統及N2、消防水等自動滅火設施及防雷防靜電設施。

Activated carbon or zeolite wheels are generally chosen as concentrated adsorption materials, but activated carbon itself is prone to spontaneous combustion at high temperatures and is not recommended. For zeolite wheels, attention should be paid to the combustion phenomenon of low flash point organic waste gas at high temperatures after excessive adsorption of organic waste gas. The temperature of the waste gas entering the adsorption area of the wheel should be controlled below 40 ℃, and the temperature of the desorption air should be 180-220 ℃, not higher than 300 ℃. Attention should be paid to the situation of high boiling point organic solvent oil mist blocking the runner, and regular inspection and correction of the runner desorption temperature should be carried out. When entering the runner chamber, safety management measures should be implemented in accordance with the requirements for confined space safety management. The runner chamber should be equipped with temperature monitoring and automatic interlocking control systems, as well as automatic fire extinguishing facilities such as N2 and fire water, as well as lightning and static protection facilities.

蓄熱室燃燒室換熱器部分安全

Safety of regenerative chamber combustion chamber heat exchanger section

蓄熱通常有兩室蓄熱、三室蓄熱和旋轉式蓄熱3種，輔助燃料通常有天然氣、液化石油氣、柴油和電加熱等方式，不論何種燃料蓄熱式焚燒裝置，均須設置過載、溫度過熱保護、防爆泄壓裝置等安全措施。燃料供給系統應設置高低壓保護和泄漏報警裝置。應具有過熱保護功能并設置安全可靠的火焰控制系統、溫度監測系統、壓力控制系統等。應安裝符合規定的防雷防靜電設施，具備短路保護和接地保護功能，接地電阻應小于4Ω。裝置應進行整體保溫，隔熱、保溫層應采用阻燃材料，外表面溫度應低于60℃，爐門、檢修門、防爆口、傳感器安置部位等局部區域應低于70℃。

There are usually three types of heat storage: two chamber heat storage, three chamber heat storage, and rotary heat storage. Auxiliary fuels typically include natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, diesel, and electric heating. Regardless of the type of fuel used for heat storage incineration, safety measures such as overload, temperature overheating protection, and explosion-proof pressure relief devices must be installed. The fuel supply system should be equipped with high and low pressure protection and leakage alarm devices. It should have overheating protection function and be equipped with safe and reliable flame control system, temperature monitoring system, pressure control system, etc. Lightning and static protection facilities that comply with regulations should be installed, with short-circuit protection and grounding protection functions, and the grounding resistance should be less than 4Ω. The device should be insulated as a whole, and the insulation and insulation layer should be made of flame-retardant materials. The external surface temperature should be below 60 ℃, and local areas such as furnace doors, maintenance doors, explosion-proof ports, and sensor placement areas should be below 70 ℃.

為防止爐體殘留廢氣發生爆炸風險，在開機點火和導入廢氣前應對爐體進行吹掃。燃燒室和蓄熱室前的管道應設置壓力計和安全泄放裝置（安全閥或爆破片裝置）。RTO氣體進出口、燃燒室、蓄熱室和換熱器均應設具有自動報警功能的多點溫度檢測，并與系統連鎖溫度調節。應設置安全放散裝置，燃燒室、蓄熱室溫度檢測應與點火報警系統聯鎖，當溫度過低或火焰熄滅時立即發出報警信號，關閉廢氣進氣閥門并啟動安全放散裝置。應設置超溫強制排風措施，進入燃燒室的廢氣濃度控制在廢氣的爆炸下限的25%以內，燃燒室、蓄熱室進口設置廢氣濃度檢測和報警聯鎖裝置，當廢氣濃度達到爆炸下限的25%時應能立即發出報警信號并啟動安全放散裝置。

To prevent the risk of explosion caused by residual exhaust gas in the furnace body, the furnace body should be purged before starting ignition and introducing exhaust gas. Pressure gauges and safety relief devices (safety valves or bursting disc devices) should be installed in the pipelines in front of the combustion chamber and heat storage chamber. RTO gas inlet and outlet, combustion chamber, heat storage chamber, and heat exchanger should all be equipped with multi-point temperature detection with automatic alarm function, and be interlocked with the system for temperature regulation. A safety release device should be installed, and the temperature detection of the combustion chamber and heat storage chamber should be interlocked with the ignition alarm system. When the temperature is too low or the flame is extinguished, an alarm signal should be immediately issued, the exhaust gas inlet valve should be closed, and the safety release device should be activated. Overtemperature forced exhaust measures should be set up, and the concentration of exhaust gas entering the combustion chamber should be controlled within 25% of the lower explosive limit of the exhaust gas. Exhaust gas concentration detection and alarm interlocking devices should be installed at the inlet of the combustion chamber and heat storage chamber. When the exhaust gas concentration reaches 25% of the lower explosive limit, an alarm signal should be immediately sent out and the safety release device should be activated.

末端排放部分安全

End discharge safety

治理系統排氣筒的采樣平臺應牢固并設置符合標準的防護欄桿，護欄底部應設置踢腳板，對于高溫部分管道應設置防燙措施和警示標識。對高溫部分管道上的調節閥應選用耐高溫閥門并定期檢查，發現異常及時處理。對非防雷保護范圍的排氣筒，應裝設避雷設施。

The sampling platform for the exhaust pipe of the governance system should be firm and equipped with standard protective railings. The bottom of the guardrail should be equipped with a baseboard. For high-temperature pipelines, anti scalding measures and warning signs should be installed. For regulating valves on high-temperature pipelines, high-temperature resistant valves should be selected and regularly inspected. Any abnormalities found should be promptly addressed. Lightning protection facilities should be installed for exhaust pipes that are not within the scope of lightning protection.

其他安全要求

Other safety requirements

由于蓄熱式焚燒裝置在高溫下操作，存在爆炸的危險，在場址選擇上應遠離油庫、儲油槽、溶劑存放地以及其它危險化學品存放地。由于存在爆炸和著火的危險，系統的消防設計應納入工廠的消防系統總體設計。消防通道、防火間距、安全疏散的設計和消防栓的布置應符合相關規定，按照規定配置移動式滅火器。

Due to the high temperature operation of the regenerative incineration device, there is a risk of explosion. Therefore, the site selection should be far away from oil depots, oil storage tanks, solvent storage areas, and other hazardous chemical storage areas. Due to the risk of explosion and fire, the fire protection design of the system should be incorporated into the overall design of the factory's fire protection system. The design of fire exits, fire separation distances, safe evacuation, and the arrangement of fire hydrants should comply with relevant regulations, and mobile fire extinguishers should be equipped according to regulations.

必須在治理工程與主體生產裝置之間安裝阻火器或防火閥，壓縮空氣系統應設置低壓保護和報警裝置。輸送高濃度含塵廢氣要選擇除塵風機，輸送高溫廢氣應選擇高溫風機，輸送有腐蝕性氣體的應選擇防腐風機，輸送有爆炸和易燃氣體的必須選用具有防爆功能的風機、電機，還應做好減震措施，風機、電機和現場的電氣儀表等應滿足現場防爆要求。

Fire arresters or fire dampers must be installed between the governance project and the main production equipment, and low-pressure protection and alarm devices should be installed in the compressed air system. Dust removal fans should be selected for transporting high concentration dusty waste gas, high-temperature fans should be selected for transporting high-temperature waste gas, anti-corrosion fans should be selected for transporting corrosive gases, explosion-proof fans and motors must be selected for transporting explosive and flammable gases, and shock absorption measures should be taken. Fans, motors, and on-site electrical instruments should meet on-site explosion-proof requirements.

應設置自動控制，應具有自動記錄溫度變化曲線的功能以備查。根據工藝要求對系統廢氣濃度、溫度、壓力和流量等參數進行自動檢測和控制。RTO裝置設置連鎖應急排氣筒，蓄熱式焚燒裝置的爐膛應設置超溫強制排風措施。廢氣治理設備設置區域宜按相關標準設置可燃氣體報警器。

Automatic control should be set up and have the function of automatically recording temperature change curves for future reference. Automatic detection and control of system exhaust gas concentration, temperature, pressure, and flow parameters according to process requirements. The RTO device should be equipped with interlocking emergency exhaust pipes, and the furnace of the regenerative incineration device should be equipped with overtemperature forced exhaust measures. The area where waste gas treatment equipment is installed should be equipped with combustible gas alarms according to relevant standards.

考慮設備出現故障狀態或事故狀態時的安全，除編制常規安全操作規程外，還應編制故障狀態處理程序，事故或緊急狀態下應急操作和排除方法文件并落實培訓。

Considering the safety of equipment in the event of a malfunction or accident, in addition to developing routine safety operating procedures, it is also necessary to develop fault state handling procedures, emergency operation and troubleshooting methods documents in case of accidents or emergencies, and implement training.

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